Kathakali :-Styles: Sampradayam:-
Kathakalī has lineages or distinctive
schools of play interpretation and dance performance called Sampradayam.
These developed in part because of the Gurukul system of its transmission from one generation to
the next. By the 19th-century, many such styles were in vogue in Malayalam
speaking communities of South India, of which two major styles have
crystallized and survived into the modern age.
The Kidangoor style is one
of the two, that developed in Travancore, and it is strongly influenced by Kutiyattam,
while also drawing elements of Ramanattam and Kalladikkotan. It
is traditionally attributed to Nalanunni, under the patronage of Utram Tirunal
Maharaja (1815-1861).
The Kalluvazhi style is
second of the two, which developed in Palakkad (Olappamanna Mana) in central Kerala, and it is a synthesis of
the older Kaplingadan and Kalladikkotan performance
arts. It is traditionally attributed to Unniri Panikkar, in a Brahmin household (~1850), and became the dominant style
established in Kerala Kalamandalam –
a school of performance arts.
Training centres and awards:-
Kerala Kalamandalam is
a major centre for Kathakali studies.
Kathakali
has traditionally been an art that has continued from one generation to the
next through a guru-disciples (gurukkula) based training system. Artist families
tended to pick promising talent from within their own extended families,
sometimes from outside the family, and the new budding artist typically stayed
with his guru as a student and treated like a member of the family. The guru
provided both the theoretical and practical training to the student, and the
disciple would accompany the guru to formal performances. In modern times,
professional schools train students of Kathakali, with some such as those in
Trivandrum Margi school emphasizing a single teacher for various courses, while
others such as the Kerala Kalamandalam school wherein students learn subjects
from different teachers. Kathakali schools are now found all over India,
as well as in parts of Western Europe and the United States.
A typical Kathakalī training centre
auditions for students, examining health and physical fitness necessary for the
aerobic and active stage performance, the body flexibility, sense of rhythm and
an interview to gauge how sincere the student is in performance arts. A
typical course work in Kathakali emphasizes physical conditioning and daily
exercises, yoga and body massage to tone the muscles and sculpt the growing
body, along with studies and dance practice. Per ancient Indian
tradition, young students continue to start their year by giving symbolic gifts
to the guru, such as a few coins with betel leaves, while the teacher
gives the student a loincloth, a welcome and blessings.
Kathakalī is still hugely male-dominated,
but since the 1970s, women have made entry into the art form on a recognisable
scale. The central Kerala temple town of Tripunithura has a ladies' troupe (with members belonging
to several parts of the state) who perform Kathakali, by and large in Travancore.
Awards for Kathakali artistes:-
Main article: Awards for Kathakali
artistes
· Sangeet Natak Akademi Awardees
- Kathakalī (1956–2005)
· Nambeesan
Smaraka Awards — For artistic performances related kathakali (1992-2008)
· International
Centre for Kathakali Award
No comments:
Post a Comment